openSUSE 13.2
Release Notes #
openSUSE is a free and Linux-based operating system for your PC, Laptop or Server. You can surf the web, manage your e-mails and photos, do office work, play videos or music and have a lot of fun!
版權 © 2003, 2005 Chao-Hsiung Liao (j_h_liau@yahoo.com.tw)
版權 © 2004 Craig Jeffares (cjeffares@novell.com)
版權 © 2001 Joe Man (trmetal@yahoo.com.hk)
版權 © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Ray Chen (swyear@gmail.com)
版權 © 2013 Ramax Lo (ramaxlo@gmail.com)
如果您從較舊的 openSUSE 發行版本升級,請由此查看之前的發行紀事: http://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Release_Notes
1 安裝 #
1.1 詳細安裝資訊 #
欲了解細節的安裝資訊,請參考 第 2.1 節「openSUSE 文件」。
2 一般說明 #
2.1 openSUSE 文件 #
在 新手入門 中您可以找到安裝指南,以及 KDE 和 Gnome 桌面環境與 LibreOffice 辦公室套裝軟體的介紹。另外還包含了基本的系統管理議題,如佈署、軟體管理,以及 bash 的介紹。
您可以在安裝完 opensuse-startup_$LANG
套件後,在 /usr/share/doc/manual/opensuse-manuals_$LANG
找到文件,或是直接在線上瀏覽 http://doc.opensuse.org。
2.2 UEFI—統一可延伸韌體介面 #
Prior to installing openSUSE on a system that boots using UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), you are urgently advised to check for any firmware updates the hardware vendor recommends and, if available, to install such an update. A pre-installed Windows 8 is a strong indication that your system boots using UEFI.
Background: Some UEFI firmware has bugs that cause it to break if too much
data gets written to the UEFI storage area. Nobody really knows how much "too much" is, though.
openSUSE minimizes the risk by not writing more than the bare minimum required to boot the OS.
The minimum means telling the UEFI firmware about the location of the openSUSE boot loader.
Upstream Linux Kernel features that use the UEFI storage area for storing boot and crash
information (pstore
) have been disabled by default. Nevertheless, it is
recommended to install any firmware updates the hardware vendor recommends.
2.3 UEFI,GPT 與 MS-DOS 磁碟分割區。 #
Together with the EFI/UEFI specification, a new style of partitioning arrived: GPT (GUID Partition Table). This new schema uses globally unique identifiers (128-bit values displayed in 32 hexadecimal digits) to identify devices and partition types.
Additionally, the UEFI specification also allows legacy MBR (MS-DOS) partitions. The Linux boot loaders (ELILO or GRUB2) try to automatically generate a GUID for those legacy partitions, and write them to the firmware. Such a GUID can change frequently, causing a rewrite in the firmware. A rewrite consist of two different operation: removing the old entry and creating a new entry that replaces the first one.
現代的軔體都有一個垃圾收集器(garbage collector),可以收集被刪除的進入點(entries),並且釋放記憶體保留給舊的進入點(entries)使用。當故障的軔體不能收集或是釋放這些進入點(entries)時,系統將會出現問題,最終將造成系統無法開機。
簡單的替代解決方案是:轉換傳統的 MBR 分割區成為新的 GPT 分割區以完整的避免此問題。
2.4 啟動於 Secure Boot 模式下 #
這個只會影響到啟用 UEFI Secure Boot 模式的機器。
The new version of the shim loader allows more machines to boot with Secure Boot enabled than with openSUSE 13.1. Nevertheless, in case of trouble, first update the BIOS of your machine to the latest version. If the BIOS update does not help, report the model of your machine to the wiki (http://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:UEFI). Then we can track it for the next release.
3 系統昇級 #
4 技術議題 #
4.1 使用 Nouveau 圖形驅動時在安裝階段螢幕上出現殘影 #
在某些使用 NVIDIA 圖形顯示卡的系統上,在安裝階段也許會有殘影出現在螢幕上,此為預設 nouveau 圖形驅動的問題。假如您遇見此問題,您可以在安裝階段關閉 nouveau 內核模組,然後在安裝完成之後或是升級完成之後重新啟動此模組。
要關閉內核模組,請在安裝媒體啟動時在 grub 畫面選擇“安裝”並按 'e' 來編輯參數。然後移動游標至 'Linux'(或 'linuxefi')為開頭的行,添加 brokenmodules=nouveau
至行尾末。接著按 F10 鍵以繼續啟動並採用新的參數。系統安裝完成後,可以重新啟用 nouveau 模組,前往編輯 /etc/modprobe.d/50-blacklist.conf
並從此黑名單中刪除 nouveau 項目。
4.2 AppArmor 與權限設定 #
AppArmor is enabled by default. This means more security, but might prevent services from working if you run them in unexpected ways. If you encounter strange permission problems, try to switch the AppArmor profile for the affected service to complain mode with:
aa-complain /usr/bin/$your_service
Complain mode means: allow everything, and log things that the profile would not allow.
Even if it helps, report it as a bug! We want to fix AppArmor profiles to also cover corner cases.
4.3 Skype #
使用 Skype 4.2 版(Linux 版本)於 PulseAudio 4.0 上有一個已知的問題,在 Skype 修復此問題前,請於命令列執行 skype
:
PULSE_LATENCY_MSEC=60 skype
針對此臭蟲的更多資訊請見 http://arunraghavan.net/2013/08/pulseaudio-4-0-and-skype/。
5 雜項 #
N/A
6 More Information and Feedback #
Read the READMEs on the CDs.
Get detailed changelog information about a particular package from the RPM:
rpm --changelog -qp <FILENAME>.rpm
<FILENAME>. is the name of the RPM.
Check the
ChangeLog
file in the top level of the DVD for a chronological log of all changes made to the updated packages.Find more information in the
docu
directory on the DVD.https://activedoc.opensuse.org/ contains additional or updated documentation.
Visit http://www.opensuse.org for the latest product news from openSUSE.
Copyright © 2014 SUSE LLC
Thanks for using openSUSE.
The openSUSE Team.